{"id":7477,"date":"2021-02-02T11:04:11","date_gmt":"2021-02-02T16:04:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cieau.org\/articles\/les-milieux-humides-les-reins-de-la-nature\/"},"modified":"2021-02-02T11:04:11","modified_gmt":"2021-02-02T16:04:11","slug":"les-milieux-humides-les-reins-de-la-nature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cieau.org\/en\/articles\/les-milieux-humides-les-reins-de-la-nature\/","title":{"rendered":"Les milieux humides: les reins de la nature"},"content":{"rendered":"

Quel serait l\u2019impact pour votre corps de perdre un rein? Cet organe si important filtre le sang, \u00e9limine les d\u00e9chets provenant de la transformation des aliments et des substances nocives, r\u00e9gule la tension art\u00e9rielle et s\u00e9cr\u00e8te certaines hormones. [1]<\/p>\n

Faisons l\u2019exercice de comparaison avec le r\u00f4le des milieux humides pour nos plans d\u2019eau\u00a0: ceux-ci freinent et filtrent l\u2019eau avant son arriv\u00e9e dans les plans d\u2019eau, purifient et recyclent les polluants organiques et m\u00eame inorganiques, \u00ab r\u00e9gularisent le r\u00e9gime hydraulique [2] \u00bb \u00a0et enfin ils produisent et nourrissent une biodiversit\u00e9 exceptionnelle. Ces joyaux naturels permettent de recharger les eaux souterraines, de freiner l\u2019eutrophisation des lacs, de r\u00e9duire l\u2019\u00e9rosion des berges, de capturer le carbone, de capter les surplus des eaux provenant des alentours en plus de r\u00e9duire la baisse des niveaux des eaux de surface dans les p\u00e9riodes de s\u00e9cheresse [3].<\/p>\n

La croissance exponentielle du d\u00e9veloppement urbain et agricole leur laisse bien peu de place. Les gens veulent devenir riverains \u00e0 tout prix. Ainsi, ces milieux humides sont remplis, leur eau est canalis\u00e9e, comme s\u2019il fallait l\u2019envoyer le plus rapidement possible en aval pour ne pas avoir \u00e0 la g\u00e9rer, ne laissant ainsi aucune place \u00e0 la biodiversit\u00e9 qu\u2019on y retrouvait.<\/p>\n

Nouveau d\u00e9veloppement = revenus additionnels pour les municipalit\u00e9s. La fiscalit\u00e9 municipale est ainsi faite\u2026 Historiquement, les milieux humides n\u2019ont pas fait le poids contre ces d\u00e9veloppements au niveau financier. Plus de 85% de la superficie des milieux humides en zones agricole et urbaine aurait disparu dans la grande r\u00e9gion de Montr\u00e9al. [4]<\/p>\n

Cependant, on se rend maintenant compte avec les nombreux coups d\u2019eau qui causent des inondations, l\u2019apport important de s\u00e9diments dans les plans d\u2019eau et la perte de biodiversit\u00e9 dans nos cours d\u2019eau que ces milieux humides jouaient bien leur r\u00f4le\u00a0: un r\u00f4le primordial. Les co\u00fbts sociaux et financiers de les avoir \u00e9limin\u00e9s sont \u00e9normes. De nombreux sinistr\u00e9s des inondations de 2017 et 2019 peuvent en t\u00e9moigner. La qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau de nos cours d\u2019eau en souffre grandement.<\/p>\n

Les milieux humides donnent au cours d\u2019eau un espace de libert\u00e9 qui lui permet de g\u00e9rer les pluies torrentielles li\u00e9es aux changements climatiques sans inonder les r\u00e9sidences. Ces pluies qui souvent s\u2019additionnent \u00e0 la fonte des neige au printemps n\u2019ont plus de place o\u00f9 aller sans ces milieux humides. Elles provoquent des d\u00e9bordements d\u2019\u00e9gouts, des surverses, inondent les champs d\u2019\u00e9puration et lib\u00e8rent des quantit\u00e9s importantes de bact\u00e9ries dans l\u2019environnement.<\/p>\n

Le 2 f\u00e9vrier est la\u00a0Journ\u00e9e Mondiale des zones humides<\/a>. Ces sites naturels remplis d\u2019eau pendant de longues p\u00e9riodes jouent un r\u00f4le insoup\u00e7onn\u00e9 dans l\u2019\u00e9quilibre de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me. En transition entre le monde aquatique et terrestre, ces habitats tr\u00e8s fr\u00e9quents au Qu\u00e9bec jouent un r\u00f4le essentiel dans la pr\u00e9servation de l\u2019eau. Il est primordial de prioriser leur protection afin de conserver les nombreux avantages qu\u2019offrent ces zones naturelles non-seulement pour le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de la nature, mais aussi pour celui de l\u2019homme.<\/p>\n

Comment les prot\u00e9ger<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Heureusement, le gouvernement qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois demande aux Municipalit\u00e9s R\u00e9gionale de Comt\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9laborer un Plan r\u00e9gional des milieux humides et hydriques en vue de les prot\u00e9ger et mandate les organismes de bassins versants (OBV) de r\u00e9aliser une planification par bassin versant.<\/p>\n

Bien \u00e9videmment, pour la gestion de l\u2019eau, beaucoup de solutions sont propos\u00e9es. Il est important de pr\u00e9server les habitats essentiels des hautes terres, de conserver les arbres morts \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de ces habitats ainsi que de r\u00e9duire ou m\u00eame d\u2019enrayer l\u2019utilisation de pesticides et d\u2019engrais qui affectent la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau [5].<\/p>\n

La plus grande menace de ces lieux demeure \u00e0 ce jour le drainage caus\u00e9 par le d\u00e9veloppement immobilier, les activit\u00e9s agricoles et plusieurs autres projets d\u2019envergure publique [6].<\/p>\n

Il est crucial que les mesures de protection soient respect\u00e9es dans un effort commun afin d\u2019assurer la pr\u00e9servation de ces milieux qui, en plus d\u2019enjoliver nos paysages, contribuent \u00e0 un \u00e9quilibre \u00e9cologique majeur.<\/p>\n

Encourageons ensemble nos \u00e9lus et les propri\u00e9taires terriens \u00e0 leur pr\u00e9servation en ce Jour mondial des zones humides!<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Photo “Reflets” de B\u00e9atrice Lange, laur\u00e9ate 1er prix du Concours organis\u00e9 par RAPPEL: Parole-Cr\u00e9ation<\/p>\n

Sources<\/strong><\/h2>\n

[1]\u00a0https:\/\/www.merckmanuals.com\/fr-ca\/accueil\/troubles-r\u00e9naux-et-des-voies-urinaires\/biologie-du-rein-et-des-voies-urinaires\/reins<\/a><\/p>\n

[2] Idem.<\/p>\n

[3] Essor Environnement. La protection des milieux humides au Qu\u00e9bec. 2021\u00a0https:\/\/www.essorenvironnement.com\/la-protection-des-milieux-humides-au-…<\/a><\/p>\n

[4] Plan r\u00e9gional des milieux humides et hydriques, COBAMIL 2021<\/p>\n

[5] RAPPEL. Les milieux humides. 2021.\u00a0https:\/\/www.rappel.qc.ca\/publications\/informations-techniques\/milieux-hu…<\/a><\/p>\n

[6] Essor Environnement. La protection des milieux humides au Qu\u00e9bec. 2021\u00a0https:\/\/www.essorenvironnement.com\/la-protection-des-milieux-humides-au-…<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Quel serait l\u2019impact pour votre corps de perdre un rein? 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